The CompTIA Strata IT Fundamentals certification ensures a knowledge of PC components, functionality, compatibility and related technology topics. The CompTIA A+ certification is the industry standard for computer support technicians. The international, vendor-neutral certification proves competence in areas such as installation, preventative maintenance, networking, security and troubleshooting. CompTIA A+ certified technicians also have excellent customer service and communication skills to work with clients. The CompTIA Network+ certification is the sign of a competent networking professional. It is an international, vendor-neutral certification that proves a technician's competency in managing, maintaining, troubleshooting, installing and configuring basic network infrastructure. Although not a prerequisite, it is recommended that CompTIA Network+ candidates have at least nine months of experience in network support or administration or academic training, along with a CompTIA A+ certification. CompTIA Server+ Certification validates knowledge of server issues and technology, including disaster recovery. It is a vendor neutral certification that proves knowledge of server hardware and software. CompTIA Linux+ Powered by LPI is a high vendor-neutral certification and validates the fundamental knowledge and skills required of junior Linux administrators. CompTIA Convergence Technologies Professional (CTP+) certification validates professional level knowledge and skills to sell and service components of data, voice and multimedia convergence technologies. The CompTIA Cloud Essentials specialty certification demonstrates an individual knows what cloud computing means from a business and technical perspective, as well as what is involved in moving to and governing the cloud.